Britain and Its Level of Democracy Essay - 608 Words

Britain and Its Level of Democracy Democracy is a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them. We say that Britain is a democracy; every four years we elect politicians to represent our views and opinions. But given that the majority of politicians are white, middle age, middle class men how can we say that they are truly representative of the entire population. Is Britain a true democracy when only 59% of the people vote? The other 40% of the populations voice is not being heard at all. Although all have to right to vote many feel that it is pointless because the parties they want to vote for will never get in power. Their†¦show more content†¦For example in 2001 43% of people voted for labour and yet they had 63% of the seats. Lord Hailsham once referred to this system as an elective dictatorship in that a powerful government can be created with overwhelming Parliamentary power which can usually push through its required legislation - but with only a minority of the country supporting it. When we vote in MPs and the prime minister we do this usually because of their proposed policies. In an ideal world they would be forced to keep them but they often dont. There are many examples of this from labours previous manifestos. In both 1997 and 2001 the labour party said it was not going to raise taxes, but after being voted in they introduced new types of taxes, stealth taxes. Also in both manifestos they have promised to ban fox hunting. Although there has been much discussion on this topic no ban has yet been but in place after 7 years in office. There are people in Britain who have a large amount of power over the population as a whole, being able to make decisions that affect everyone who are not elected into their position. Examples of these are judges, they can make decisions on the law and sentences of prisoners, the House of Lords, who can stall and even block new laws,Show MoreRelatedWays in Which Britain is Democratic Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesWays in Which Britain is Democratic The electorate in the United Kingdom have privileges regarding involvement in their democratic system unlike many other citizens of the World. In 1867 working class men were first given the right to vote, followed by the vote for women in 1918, a consequence of the suffragettes movements. In the twenty-first century the majority of the British public who are seen as deserving of the right to vote and have the mental capacity to makeRead Moreâ€Å"A written constitution, rather than gradual reform, is now essential for the UK to claim to be a modern democracy.†1246 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"A written constitution, rather than gradual reform, is now essential for the UK to claim to be a modern democracy.† This essay will look at how a written constitution, according to some, would make Britain a modern democracy and it is therefore essential that the meaning of this phrase is fully understood before it can be explored in sufficient depth. A written constitution would outline the structures and powers of government in broad terms and the relationship betweenRead More The Rise of Democracy in Britain Essays1426 Words   |  6 PagesThe Rise of Democracy in Britain The dynamic course of the nineteenth century set off a revolution within the realm of British politics. Foreign influence and domestic transformation created a situation where individual interests were forced into the public sphere for political reconciliation. The shift towards democratic government was largely unscripted because Britain had no written constitution to guide its path. Thus, Britain’s pursuit of democracy was not prescribedRead MoreThe Sipahis : Between The Independence And Loyalty994 Words   |  4 Pageswitnessing a political drift in the struggle for Independence. The chapter tries to relate the political unrest in India and the problems it brought for the Indian Army who at that time was contributing their men and officers in the Second World War for Britain. The Fall of Singapore again posed the question of loyalty amongst the Indian ‘Sipahis’ who were either captured by the Japanese Army or retreated back. The formation of ‘Indian National Army’ by ‘Subhas Chandra Bose’ whose motive was to support theRead MoreIs Electoral Participation Necessary For Political Participation?1538 Words   |  7 PagesDemocracy is the rule of the people, therefore, for it to be at its full potential, citizens must participate in the decision-making process. However, for a large part of the public, political participation does not go beyond electoral participation. Nonetheless, even the most common form of political engagement, namely voting, is in decline (Whiteley, 2012, pp.37-38). Although electoral participation is not the ultimate measure of political participation, it is one of the most significant and easiestRead MoreDemocratic And Democratic Political Systems Essay1740 Words   |  7 PagesDemocratic Political Systems Democracy is typically known as a type of government that is ruled by the people. Active public participation in political matters, free and fair elections, equality, and protection of basic human rights are at the core of democratic political systems. Individual citizens, organized groups and institutions, elected officials and governmental bureaucracies all contribute to the democratic nature of these political systems, but the main power resides with the people.Read MoreAp Comparative Government Summer Assignment1107 Words   |  5 Pagesthe makers of public policy in free, competitive election. 2. Procedural Democracy: Countries with free and fair elections for the real policymakers and eligibility of all adults meet the minimum requirements for this. 3. Substantive Democracy: Procedural democracy + more political rights and civil liberties 4. Democratization: the transformation from a nondemocratic regime to a procedural democracy to a substantive democracy. Either as the first government in a newly independent country or by replacingRead MoreThe Effects of Political Parties on a Democracy Essay examples841 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Political Parties on a Democracy There are indeed several aspects in the composition of political parties that threaten democracy in the UK, whilst other aspects may promote democracy. Careful analysis must be done in order to establish to what extent either is true. On the one hand, it may be argued that parties in fact promote democracy for a variety of reasons. Firstly, they assist the electorate by offering them a coherent choice, allowing peopleRead MoreThe Protest Of Hong Kong1630 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernment and thus undermining the practice of democracy in Hong Kong. This opposition, or even hate, toward Leung, reflects the same attitude of Hong Kong people have over the fact that they are governed by someone else -- in this case, Chinese government -- instead of themselves. Leung, as the last victim before direct voting, unavoidably became the target of both political activists and young people who are enthusiastic about independence and democracy to express their discontent (Hunt, 2014). ShapedRead MoreIs Democracy Promotion A Mask For Hegemonic Power?1546 Words   |  7 PagesIs democracy-promotion a mask for hegemonic power? Should liberal democracies impose their principles, values and ideals upon less democratic states? Hegemony is the concept meaning primacy of the leading state over the subordinate states without the use of any direct forms of violence (invasion, occupation or annexation). Many scholars in international relations have tried to find an answer to these questions, but they are still open to a much debate and discussion. Liberals believe that democracy

Legalizing Marijuana in the United States Essay - 563 Words

We’ve all been told not to use drugs starting at a very young age. We’re told they very bad for you and can even cause death. As a child, we always believed what we were told; the older I’ve gotten, the more I’ve come to realize that not all of these â€Å"drugs† are as bad for you as we were taught. The particular drug I am speaking about comes from the dried leaves and flowers of a hemp plant (Cannabis Sativa), and goes by the name Marijuana. Marijuana has been prohibited since 1968. You would think that because it is illegal, most would stop using the substance. But in fact, in the past 30 years, 10 million people have been arrested for marijuana offenses in the U.S. (Glasser, 2000) With so many people getting in trouble for this†¦show more content†¦Marijuana also provides a great relief from nausea is an appetite stimulant, helps with depression and is useful for helping people with sleeping difficulties. Other conditions that marijuan a may benefit include: seizures, glaucoma, peripheral neuropathy, asthma, irritable bowel syndrome, bipolar disorder, Tourettes syndrome, ADD, and panic attacks. Cannabis has provided millions worldwide with relief from chronic pain caused by a myriad of pain-producing illnesses. Cannabis has significantly improved the quality of life of people with cancer, AIDS, arthritis, and the list goes on. The medical marijuana movement is not concerned with decriminalizing or legalizing cannabis for recreational use. It is concerned with helping people with serious illnesses and disabilities to get on with their lives. (Bearman, 2011) It is a wonder why marijuana is still illegal when it treats so many medical issues. But this is not the only thing the hemp plant can be used for. Selling the buds is not the only way to make money off the hemp plant. Hemp fibers from the stalks have many other uses. Oil extracted from the seeds can be used to lubricate gears and mechanisms in carious cars. The strong hemp fiber has long been used to test the durability of other fibers. Hemp fibers can be made into clothing, rope and paper. Marijuana can be used for many other things than just the information I provided in this paper. All statisticsShow MoreRelatedLegalizing Marijuana in the United States Essay1700 Words   |  7 PagesLegalizing Marijuana Debate Marijuana, also known as Cannabis is the third most well-liked recreational drug, which only falls behind alcohol and tobacco, in the United States (The Whitehouse, n.d.). Marijuana is made up of dried leaves, plants, stalks, and pits from the hemp plant Cannabis Sativa, which comprises of the mind-altering compound delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), in addition to other associated compounds. This plant substance can correspondingly be converged in a resin called hashishRead MoreEssay on Legalizing Recreational Marijuana in the United States1131 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic of legalizing recreational marijuana in the United States has been a very controversial one. States such as Colorado and Washington have gone on the offensive and have legalized recreational marijuana and have enjoyed the high revenues brought in from cannabis sale. On the other hand other states have kept low profiles because they are wary of the possible negative outcomes of legalizing recreatio nal marijuana and are using the states of Colorado and Washington as guineaRead MoreThe Legalization Of Recreational And Medical Use Of Marijuana1237 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of recreational and medical use of marijuana is still a controversial social issue faced by the United States. Although marijuana was seen as a dangerous drug back in the 1900’s, research has revealed the truth about marijuana, making the drug less frightening towards Americans. Now in the year 2015, marijuana is generally more accepted by Americans and many more see marijuana in a positive manner. Although marijuana does have some negative side effects, the side effects are notRead MoreThe Origns of Marijuana726 Words   |  3 Pages Coca, and Poppy). Therefore, Marijuana should be removed from the criminal justice system. Legalizing and regulation marijuana can bring cash crop under the criminal justice law, bring in jobs, medical use, and overall create economic opportunities to The United States of America. There has been reports of marijuana being less harmful than alcohol or tobacco. According to the British research foundation two deaths worldwide can be directly caused by marijuana, yet 150,000 people die from alcoholRead MoreThe Benefits of Legalization Marijuana Essay1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe Benefits of Legalization Marijuana There are many political groups and religious group that ague against the legalization of marijuana. They state that there are no benefits in legalizing the drugs but researches and economist disagree with that report. There are many benefits in the legalization. The first one is the enormous affect that it could have on the economy growth of the United States. A Harvard University professor of economic Jeffrey Miron , has crunched the numbers and he’sRead MoreWhy Marijuana Should Be Legal1085 Words   |  5 PagesDear , Since the 1930s marijuana has been illegal in the United States. The debate to legalize marijuana has been a huge controversy since the existence of the drug. I believe that by legalizing marijuana America will be able to thrive in the future. Marijuana has been tested and proven to provide a very positive impact in the medical field, the economy, and crime. First and foremost, marijuana is legal in some states in the United States but for medical use only and other countries such as CanadaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1269 Words   |  6 PagesAbu Matar 1 Mahmoud Abu Matar English Composition 2 Research Paper 14 April 2015 Legalizing Marijuana Marijuana is most commercialized drug in the world, so why not just legalize it? Although there are legal restraints against marijuana, 1 in 3 Americans have tried it, out of curiosity at least once. Multiple studies have proven that, marijuana is psychologically and physically healing. Medical marijuana should be legalized for its beneficial advantages, such as, treating or preventing health conditionsRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Should Not Be Beneficial1240 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of marijuana is such a growing debate in the United States, whether it’s on television, in the classroom, or in your own kitchen; you may find yourself debating about it with someone. You are either for it, against it, or indifferent. Either way you still have an opinion of some sort about the legalization of marijuana. Christopher Beach and William Bennett are no different. The release of their article on called â€Å"Legalize Juggernaut† on WeeklyStandard.com timin g is perfect sinceRead MoreLegalizing Marijuana For Recreational Use926 Words   |  4 PagesLegalizing Marijuana in Texas for Recreational Use The well known debate over the legalization of marijuana for recreational use in The United States has been ongoing since 1935. Recently Colorado and Washington have legalized the use of marijuana for recreational use. By doing so, the legalization of the recreational use of marijuana has become more of an issue than it already was and now brings other states to question whether or not they should legalize marijuana (Breecher). Which brings aboutRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1149 Words   |  5 PagesJacomino English 1410 23 March 2015 Legalizing cannabis Marijuana or cannabis is a preparation of the cannabis plant intended for use as a hallucinatory drug and a medicine as well. The principal hallucinatory constituent of marijuana is Tetrahydrocannabinol or THC. Twenty three states and the District of Columbia has legalized marijuana for medical or recreational purposes in the United States. Legalizing marijuana has many benefits to it. Not only has marijuana been proven to counter act some

HIV AIDS Older Adults Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(40) " connexion between HIV and climacteric\." Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) is a virus that kills the immune system ‘s cells, taking to a Immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) , which is when the immune system is weakened to the point where an single gets certain types of life-threatening diseases, infections, and malignant neoplastic diseases. HIV infection is frequently inapparent and can take every bit small as a few hebdomads to look as minor flu-like symptoms and ten old ages for more terrible symptoms, which may include concern, chronic cough, diarrhoea, conceited secretory organs, deficiency of energy, loss of appetency and weight loss, frequent febrilities and workout suits, frequent barm infections, tegument roseolas, pelvic and abdominal spasms, sores on certain parts of your organic structure, and short-run memory loss. Older grownups, aged 50 and older, may non detect these HIV symptoms because they may tie in them with normal aging ( HIV, AIDS, and Older Adults, n. We will write a custom essay sample on HIV AIDS Older Adults Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now d. ) . As people age, some ripening procedures are similar to the consequence of chronic HIV on the organic structure. Apoptosis, the natural mechanism for the organic structure to acquire rid of weak or damaged cells, can take to the break of the immune system, which can besides take to malignant neoplastic diseases ; this is occurs more frequently in older people with HIV. Older grownups with HIV besides experience immunosenescence, besides called immunologic ripening or exhaustion of T-cells, which causes a destructive high T-cell turnover and may be portion of premature ripening of the immune system ( Aging and HIV, 2010 ) . Anyone is at hazard of acquiring HIV/AIDS, which may be due to many different grounds. Peoples can acquire HIV from holding without utilizing rubbers if their sex spouse is HIV positive ; the virus would go through from the spouse to them through the exchange of organic structure fluids, including blood, seeds, vaginal fluid, by any gap such as a tear or cut in the liner of the vagina, vulva, phallus, rectum, or oral cavity. Peoples are besides at hazard if they do non cognize their spouse ‘s sexual and drug history ; they should inquire themselves if their spouse has been tested for HIV, how many different sex spouses they have had, and if they use any drug injections. Another hazard factor is if a individual injects drugs and portion acerate leafs or panpipes with other people ; this may non merely be applicable to drug users, other people, such as those with diabetes who inject insulin or pull blood to prove for glucose degrees, might portion acerate leafs. In add-on, if a individual has had a blood transfusion between 1978 and 1985 or in a underdeveloped state at any clip, he or she might be besides at hazard of undertaking HIV. However, the virus can non be contracted from insouciant contact, such as agitating custodies or caressing, sharing a drink or being sneezed on by a HIV positive individual, donating blood, and mosquito bites . Using public telephone, imbibing fountain, public public toilets, swimming pool, Jacuzzi, or hot bath besides does non set one at hazard ( HIV, AIDS, and Older Adults, n.d. ) . Peoples frequently believe that older grownups, 50 and older, are non at hazard for acquiring HIV because they do non hold sex, which besides contributes to the addition rate of among people in this age scope. However, surveies from the early 1990s provided informations that proved there is no alteration in sexual desire after the age of 50 and experts report that more than half of people over 50 are holding sex a couple times each month. However, older grownups know less about safe sex patterns late adolescents and immature grownups in their early mid-twentiess, which explains portion of the growing in the HIV population ( Cichocki, 2007 ) . HIV among grownups over 50 is nil new ; since the early 80 ‘s, HIV in individuals older grownups have accounted for about 10 per centum of all instances. Back in the yearss, HIV was chiefly transmitted by blood among the senior population, but today, heterosexual contact and needle sharing among IV drug users over 50 are the chief causes o f HIV among them ( Cichocki, 2007 ) . In add-on to cognize less about safe sex and HIV than the younger crowd, older grownups are less likely to speak about their sex life, are frequently neglected by healthcare workers and pedagogues, in footings of HIV/AIDS instruction and bar, and frequently non asked about their sex life or drug usage by physicians. It is a batch harder for physicians to detect HIV symptoms in an older grownup ( HIV, AIDS, and Older Adults, n.d. ) . Because older grownups may misidentify HIV/AIDS symptoms for the achings and strivings of normal aging, they are less likely to acquire tested for HIV/AIDS than younger people. In add-on, they may be embarrassed, ashamed, and fearful of being tested for HIV/AIDS, which is frequently considered a disease connected with holding sex and injecting drugs, which besides causes them to populate in isolation and to hold more terrible depression. For this ground, people age 50 and over may hold had HIV for old ages before being tested and by the clip they are diagnosed, the virus may already be in its most advanced phase. Older grownups who HIV most of the clip make non populate every bit long as immature people who have it. Many older people who have HIV/AIDS live in isolation because they are afraid to state household and friends about their unwellness. HIV/AIDS besides affects older grownups in another manner. Young people with HIV/AIDS can normally turn to their parents and grandparents f or fiscal support and nursing attention, but many older people have cared for their ain HIV positive kids and so for their orphaned and sometimes HIV positive grandchildren ; this can be mentally, physically, and financially run outing, particularly if the individual is HIV positive because they require more attending and attention ( HIV, AIDS, and Older Adults, n.d. ) . There may besides be a connexion between HIV and climacteric. You read "HIV AIDS Older Adults Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" Womans who are menopausal are no longer worried about acquiring pregnant and therefore may be less likely to utilize a rubber and pattern safe sex. Some menopausal adult females besides have vaginal waterlessness and cutting, intending they are more likely to hold little cryings and scratchs during sexual intercourse, which can set them at greater hazard for undertaking HIV. In add-on, due to the fact that adult females may populate longer than work forces and the lifting rate of divorce, there is an addition figure of widowed, divorced, or detached adult females get downing to day of the month ; since many of them do non understand how HIV is spread, they are at hazard of HIV transmittal ( HIV, AIDS, and Older Adults, n.d. ) . For many decennaries bar plans have been largely created for immature people ; merely a smattering has been aimed at older grownups. Simply seting images of old people on a posting or circular stating things such as stop AIDSs, wear a rubber, or pattern safe sex, is non plenty to forestall HIV transmittal among older grownups ; it is of import to understand the issue of aging and get bying with the challenges HIV will give. Harmonizing to Ory, Zablotsky and Crystal ( 1998 ) , in order to place older grownups ‘ AIDS-related hazards behaviours, and develop educational attacks and preventative schemes for modifying any hazardous behaviour, dedicated attempt is needed ( HIV/AIDS A ; Older Adults, n.d. ) . There are some challenges to HIV/AIDS bar for older grownups. The first challenge is that older grownups are less likely to follow HIV bar schemes than immature grownups. HIV/AIDS is besides seldom discussed among people of the same community. In add-on, older grownups are non suspected of drug usage, which is a large error because older grownups are merely like everybody else and do the same things as everybody else. Many older grownups frequently show marks of hazardous sexual behaviours, do non utilize protection, usage IV drugs and portion acerate leafs. They besides find themselves dating once more because they might be a window, separated, or divorced, and holding sex without protection. Carolyn is an old adult female who got married three times and contracted HIV, from the drug trader who was populating her, by holding unprotected sex and sharing acerate leaf for drugs injections. She did non cognize about the virus until the drug trader who was live togethering with her got h ospitalized and her girl found out from the physician that he was deceasing from HIV and prohibited Carolyn from seeing her grandchildren as a consequence ( HIV/AIDS A ; Older Adults, n.d. ) . Furthermore, there is grounds that some HIV infected older grownups have gotten it through sexual dealingss with the same gender. Pat is a HIV positive older grownup who has ever known he was homosexual since he was immature ; he was given four months to populate when he was diagnosed but has learned to get by with the disease with the support of his household. Older grownups besides do non hold proving and instruction attempts directed to them ( HIV/AIDS A ; Older Adults, n.d. ) . Assorted factors should be considered in bar plans for older grownups. The best plans to work are normally those that are intensive. They should emphasize on alteration motive, attitudes, behavioural accomplishments, self-management schemes, and personal hazard decrease problem-solving. A good plan should besides be carefully made harmonizing to the cultural, lifestyle, relationship and normative beliefs and values of clients.A In add-on, gender, ethnicity, age, sexual orientation, and relationship values of clientsA are factors that affect the aims, content, and issues that must be addressed during the HIV bar plan. It is really of import to non presume that patients are non at hazard, to give bar messages to patients ( they should be repeated at regular intervals ) , to learn other professionals to increase consciousness of the hazard factors to older grownups and work with them to inform the older grownup community. HIV infection should besides be tested when there are unexplained symptoms ( HIV/AIDS A ; Older Adults, n.d. ) . In order to forestall HIV transmittal and inform older grownups, it is besides of import to be cognizant of the job ; older grownups and their health care suppliers are most of the clip non cognizant of the job. In 1997, Skiest and Keiser did a study of primary attention doctors ‘ beliefs, patterns, and cognition that pointed out many concerns. One of the concerns was that 69.7 % of the doctors said that grownups, 50 old ages and over, seldom or ne’er asked inquiries refering HIV or AIDS. 60.8 % besides said that they seldom or ne’er discussed HIV/AIDS with their patients who are 50 old ages and older, and 67.5 % of them seldom or ne’er discussed hazard factor decrease. Some of them besides said that they are more likely to ne’er inquire their older patients over 50 than their younger 1s under 30 about HIV hazard factors. In add-on, doctors did non rank the most prevailing hazard factors in patients over 50 in the right order, being: ( 1 ) male-male sex, ( 2 ) endovenous drug usage, ( 3 ) blood transfusion, and ( 4 ) heterosexual sex. Physicians 40 and older were more likely to cognize the most prevailing hazard factor of HIV for older grownups. Family practicians were more likely toA seldom or ne’er askA older patients about hazard factors for HIV than other doctors. The study showed that primary attention doctors do non cognize plenty about HIV/AIDS hazard factors in older patients and do non speak enough about HIV and AIDS with older patients ( HIV/AIDS A ; Older Adults, n.d. ) . It is of import to speak to older grownups about the hazards of HIV/AIDS and educate them on bar. Older people frequently open up and discourse sensitive affairs, including gender, when they feel that it is of import for their wellness or the wellness of their loved ones.A However, some may be embarrassed to uncover that they are still sexually active at their age because society expects them non to be.A Those who do drugs injections may besides experience shame from making something illegal.A Harmonizing to Hendersen et Al, older adult females need instruction on reenforcing the possibility of HIV transmittal by heterosexual intercourse, clear uping misperceptions about transmittal, and stressing the effectivity and usage of rubbers in bar. Older grownups besides should be informed about proving ; they need to cognize when to be tested and that they can be treated. Prevention messages should besides be repeated so that they can be reinforced. Giving messages one time is non plenty ; it may increase older grownups ‘ cognition about HIV/AIDS but it will non be adequate to alter any hazardous behaviours the some older grownups have. Older grownups should besides be helped in developing the accomplishments to forestall infection.A A They may necessitate to be taught how to decently utilize a rubber and those who use injection drug may non recognize the dangers of needle sharing. Older grownups are more familiar with the usage of rubbers in gestation bar, which is a concern they no longer hold, and do non hold every bit much cognition of HIV bar by the usage of rubbers. Merely 13 % of older adult females inA Henderson et Al ( 2004 ) survey knew the efficiency of rubbers in forestalling HIV transmittal ; non cognizing much about how good condom works in HIV bar may take to less usage of it. In add-on, older work forces may hold erectile troubles worsened by rubber usage, which would do them non utilize condoms.A It is besides of import to speak to HIV positive older grownups because they can distribute the disease ( HIV/AIDS A ; Older Adults, n.d. ) . Furthermore, it is a good thing to acquire in touch with other people who besides work with older grownups and those specialized in HIV/AIDS. It is better to work every bit group because it would increase consciousness, resources, and available information. Working with public wellness pedagogues will besides give more information about community instruction ; older grownups need to be able to reach services that can help them. Older grownups, particularly those who are HIV positive, will most likely need the specialised attention of an infective disease ( ID ) doctor ; A A other wellness attention professionals, such as gerontologists, societal workers, and instance directors most of the clip will besides necessitate to acquire involved as the disease progresses.A As a consequence of these professionals working together, attention will be better coordinated and all other demands of the older grownup patient will be met. However, sometime other professionals may non understand the ha zard of HIV infection for older grownups or may believe the myths that older grownups are non involved in drugs or are sexually active. In this instance, one should learn them so that they can be portion of the bar plan ( HIV/AIDS A ; Older Adults, n.d. ) . Dedication is needed to place HIV/AIDS hazard factors and develop a good educational and preventative plan. All messages must be made for the older population ; those made the younger crowd may non make older grownups because they will experience as though it does n’t concern them. Older grownups will non utilize rubbers unless there are given a ground to make so. If the plan is made to aim the older population, it is more likely to increase their cognition on HIV/AIDS. It is besides a good thing to hold some plans and messages directed to different groups of older grownups. One chief group is homosexual males ; they are at hazard due to male-to-male sexual dealingss being the taking manner of transmittal of HIV/AIDS in older grownups. Another of import group is heterosexual adult females ; a turning per centum of septic adult females are African American. Womans are a large part of HIV infected aged patients and African American adult females populating in a rural scene are m ore affected and more likely to be infected. It is disputing to inform them of the hazards because they may non desire to listen, hence integrating the message along with other medical services will assist in making them. In add-on, some messages should be directed to older grownups traveling through different phases of life ; they may be at hazard because of new relationships after separation, divorce, or widowhood. It is besides indispensable to chase away myths about older grownups because even those who work with them could believe in those myths ( HIV/AIDS A ; Older Adults, n.d. ) . Overall, older grownups are more at hazard for HIV/AIDS due to the weakening of the immune system as people age. Older grownup besides are at a higher hazard of infection because they tend to hold unprotected sex because they are non any longer concern with gestation and some suffer from erectile disfunction, which might impede them from have oning rubbers. The chief cause of HIV/AIDS transmittal in older grownups is male homosexual dealingss and needle sharing. In order to inform older grownups about the hazards of HIV, it is of import to understand the issue and work as a squad with other professionals who work with them. It is besides of import to educate other professionals about HIV hazard for older grownups and chase away myths such as older grownups are non sexually active and do non hold sex. It is besides of import to direct messages to different groups in order to make older grownups more expeditiously and in order for them to larn and retain the information better because it would do them associate better and experience as though it pertain to them. How to cite HIV AIDS Older Adults Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Business Law and Legal Environment†Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Business Law and Legal Environment. Answer: Introduction The main purpose of law in a business contest is to oversee the Management conducts of the transacting parties. The law may enforce promises while overseeing agreements and contracts, or it may administer the conducts of the transacting parties under the law of tort. Common law enables the court to reason in a rational manner and assess the plaintiffs case in a justice way. This paper will be an examination of the application of common law, equity, tort, and agency law. Singapore uses English common as its primary law in its legal system. In (Tan, 2011) English common law came into Singapore through the Second Charter of Justice 1826. From then Singapore had been using the precedent rules as an essential part of its legal system. Besides, the legal system has accommodated the law of Equity and both laws form a magnificent part of Singapore Law. The general, precedent system is whereby a court's decision is based on what was decided. In (Mitchell, 2009) " Judicial precedent is a system of law-making by judges where the decisions made by judges, referred to as precedents, are used as models for future cases, and these are developed on a case-by-case basis to establish areas of law. Equity is a branch of law that originated from the Chancery Courts. Equity law aims at giving the plaintiff fairness, justice, and a clear conscience. In (Antoine, 2008), It is generally held that equity applies the principles of conscience. These are the postulates of English law that were formed and implemented in the ecclesiastical courts, the chancery, and admiralty. The different types of remedies available at equity are Injunction, specific performance, rectification, and restitution. These remedies are discretional. This means that its upon the court to reason and issue the remedy that it deems fit. The concept of promissory estoppels started with Lord Denning. In simple, (Twomey et al., 2011) the doctrine of promissory estoppel guides the court to enforcing promises despite that they lack considerations. The only requirement is that the plaintiff promised something to the defendant, then the defendant changed its position by relying on that promise. It's more of an inducement from the plaintiff to the defendant causing him/her to depend on his/her future actions. There are requirements for promissory estoppels, In (Miller, 2016), there must be a definite and unambiguous promise plus an expectation of the promisor that the promisee would act on the given promise. The promisee should prove that it absolutely acted in assurance on that promise which caused substantial damages. Lastly, if the promise would not be enforced, the innocent party would suffer injustice. The tenant cannot avoid the payment of full rent after 1945. The main reason is that there is no consideration for lowering the price. Secondly, the lowering of rent was due to the WW2. Thirdly, the suit had already served as notice to end the variation. For instance, in (Tool Metal Manufacturing v Tungsten [1955]) the court held that counterclaim was a substantial notice of the intention for reverting to the original Management contract. Therefore, the plaintiffs could not succeed on the reliance of the promissory estoppels. The issue in this question is the limitation of liability in bailment. Under normal circumstances, the law allows the bailee to limit the claims for liability by the bailor. However, the law has set the conditions that a bailee may limit such liability. In (Clarkson et al., 2014), In order to exercise the limitation; First of all, It is imperative that the bailee informs the bailor of the limitation, e.g., through a sign. In the decision whether a particular sign will constitute notice or not depends on the location and size. So this fact rules out the ticket as a notice of sign. Secondly, the limitations should not be working against any public policy. For instance, in bailment where mutual-benefit are occurring, there is a high chance of rebutting exculpatory clauses as a defense for negligence. So following this explanation, a ticket doesnt constitute a valid notice, and the court is likely to dismiss the ticket and allow Brigitte to recover the damages. One of the reasons is that the ticket doesnt amount to a valid contract. So family bus company has a duty similar to the ruling in (Bridge Tower V. Meridian Computer Center, [2012]), The court held that Meridian Computer breached the contract and therefore Bridge Tower had the right to recover the damages. For Lam to be compensated, he can initiate a claim in two way. The main ways is under the neighbor principle, and then support his case with the concept of an implied secondary reasonable assumption of risk. The neighbor principle was set in [Donoghue v Stevenson (1932)]. This principle aims at establishing the elements for negligence which are the establishment of the facts that the defendant had a duty of care to the claimant. On the other side, Slipperly Pte Ltd may argue that it had warned Lima. This is where the issue of Implied secondary reasonable assumption of risk would come in. In (Shapo, 2010), implied secondary reasonable assumption of risk describes the case where the defendant raises awareness over the risk he/she has negligently created, but the plaintiff voluntarily decided to face the risk in a reasonable way. For example, a possible case is where a landlord's negligence exhibited an infant to fire on a tenant's house, and the tenant rushed to the burning house to sa ve the infant; hence the plaintiff suffered some injuries. In such a case, the court will hold that the defendant cannot call assumption of risk' as a defense. So based on the above explanations, Lima would be entitles to damages like compensation for leg flucture, hospital bills, and the loss of salary if it wont be covered by the medical leave. For this case, its impossible for Lam to sue the two directors. Directors are company trustees in a special way. In (Tyagi and Arun Kumar, 2003), though the directors are the trustees of their company but their position is not like trustees in the legal sense. In general, the law takes a trustee as a person who owns and deals with the in the position of the principal owner. However, in the case of directors, they are just trustees in the matters of company properties, wealth, and powers. This means that they are not liable for loans or other company liabilities Management. With this, one can only sue the company for the breach of a contract but not the trustees. The term agency refers to a relation formulated through implied or express agreement between one person perceived as the principal, and the other person called the agent. The agreement grants the agent with authority to act with a third party on behalf of the principal. With that, the dealings of the agent tie together both the principal and the third persons giving the principal rights against third persons.(Twomey et al., 2011, p 850) The work in (Pillai, 2011) explains this concept as; Agents create contractual relations between the principal and the third parties. This act binds the principal to third persons. Similarly, the agents act gives right to third persons against the principal. An agent is merely a contracting link between the principal and the third parties. The agent has the power to make the principal answerable to the third parties for his conduct. What this means is that the same way Jingley had the authority to deal with Mona, its the same position had Jingleys firm bought from Hagia Mona. Ostensible Authority is the other name for apparent authority. In (Burnett, Bath and Burnett, 2009), a principal can be responsible for the conducts of an agent who acts without authority as far as the principals conduct causes the third person to think that the agent is authorized logically. In simple, the principal doesnt need to allow the agency, but it only requires an agent to do something that will make a third-party assume that the agent has the power. Following this, the principal will be answerable to the third party as though the agent had authority (Klass, 2010). The law takes into account that the principal is responsible to the third party since the principal either by word or deed, made the third party hold that the agent was representing the principal. Notably, for ostensible authority Management requires the principal has to do something that would convince the third party to believe in agents authority. Jingleys firm doesnt have a choice rather than to pay Hagia Mona Catering Ltd. Like it has been explained above on Ostensible authority, a contract formed between an agent with a third party is as binding as when made with the principal under the doctrine of apparent authority (Burnett, Bath and Burnett, 2009). The same case applies to Jingleys firm having Jingley contract with Mona for catering services. The main issue here is that Jingley represented the firm as she has always did, and Hagia Mona believed that she was sent by the firm as it always did. Before this, the firm had made Mona believe that Jingley represents it in acquiring food for the firm, so even for this day, Mona believed the same. In (Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Council v Racing UK Ltd, [2005]), the court ruled that Mr Sanderson had apparent authority to bind the council the the contract. The case applies to Jingleys firm. Jingley had ostensible authority to bind the Firm with Hagia Mona Catering Pte ltd. Conclusion This paper has discussed the concept of common law, applications of promissory estoppels, tort law as well as agency law. Even though the paper didnt cover those concepts extensively, it has summarized some of the key parts in the mentioned laws. References Tan, K. (2011). Constitutional law in Singapore. 1st ed. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer law international. Mitchell, A. (2009). AS law. 3rd ed. Abingdon, UK: Routledge-Cavendish, p.75. Antoine, R. (2008). Commonwealth Caribbean law and legal systems. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge-Cavendish, p.166. Shapo, M. (2010). Principles of tort law. 3rd ed. West Academic. Twomey, D., Jennings, M., Fox, I. and Anderson, R. (2011). 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